國號名如: the People’s Republic of China 中華人民共和國、the Republic of Korea 大韓民國、the United Kingdom…都會有the在前。另外,大家熟知的【最XX】,如the greatest最偉大, the most beautiful最美麗….的第三級形容語,都要加點【尊敬the】。
還有一點想講,在寫title, heading(如報章標題), 產品label 時,名詞前的the很多時會習慣性omit,如made in USA而非made in the USA、或報章標題 Police lay siege to Polytechnic University 〔警察圍捕理工大學〕中The police 和 the Polytechnic University 的the都會省略。
2. 按【字面】理解
這個同學們要透過多接觸英文,慢慢領略這個規則來。我在這裡講幾個例子:
I. by the day 按日計 vs by day白天
例: The interest on the bill is calculated by the day. (這帳的利息是按日計算的。)
day 字面直接意思為「日」,但也可引申意義成【白天】。如果取直接【字面意】就加the;相反,取較為【引申意義】就不加the。
另例: This shop doesn’t work by day. (這店白天不開業。)
II. by the hand 用手 vs made by hand 手作的
例: She accompanied her grandmother crossing road by the hand. (她牽著手陪伴她婆婆過馬路。)
Hand最直接意義為「手」,亦可引申意義為【手作】。其實通過上文下理推敲意思是必須的:
另例: These potteries were all made by hand. (這些陶器都是手作的。)
另外一對非常多人誤會的phrases:
III. out of the question 離題(不可能) vs out of question 不成問題
例:It is out of the question to build the castle in the air. (建造空中城堡是不可能的。)
另例: Success is out of question in case you persevere! (只要你堅持,成功是不成問題的!)
question一名詞【字面】意義是「問題」,所以out of the question就理解成「離題」。而它也可以引申意義理解成【困難】,所以out of question就理解成「不成問題」(沒太大困難)。有或沒有一個the,居然意義可以完全相反。
其實in case和in the case; with child 和with the child等,更多英語慣用法的例子運用,可在網上【按此: 7+3視覺英語AE版】學好一個系統的打底。
3. 【本質】上代表
I. in the person of 代表 vs in person親自
person 的字面是「人」的意思,即【本質上】代表某某人。
例: He spoke in the person of Reuters. (他代表路透社說出聲明。)
in person: 名詞前沒有the,即用其引申意義,理解為【親自】。
例: Sorry, I can’t come in person. (對不起,我不能親自來!)
還有in the possession of/ in possession of; in the charge of/ in charge of的分別其實也是同理。